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Zygostates (Byzantine official)
The ''zygostates'' (Greek: ζυγοστάτης, "one who weighs with a balance"; plural: ζυγοστάται, ''zygostatai'') was a public weigher of the coinage of the Byzantine Empire.〔.〕〔: "Finally, the ''zygostates'', the controller of the weight and quality of the imperial coinage, was dependent on the office of the ''sakellion''."〕 According to the ''Lex Julia'', he was a municipal official whose function was to verify the quality of the gold ''solidus'' coins.〔〔See also ''Cod. Just.'' X.73.2.〕
==Description==
The term ''zygostates'' often appears in inscriptions and papyri of the late Roman Empire in the form of ''zygostates tes poleos'' (Greek: , "public weigher of the city").〔 The Byzantine emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) regarded the ''zygostatai'', in his 11th Edict, as the main offenders in changing the purity of gold coins.〔 Some imperial seals bearing the name of ''zygostatai'' are preserved from the 6th and 7th centuries AD.〔 In the ''Taktika'' of the 9th and 10th centuries AD, the ''zygostates'' is a state, rather than urban, functionary belonging to the staff of the ''sakellion''.〔〔〔.〕 The epithet "imperial" is granted to the ''zygostates'' on a Byzantine seal dating to the 7th century AD.〔 Based on this evidence, John Bagnell Bury surmised that in the 7th century the ''zygostates'' began to examine and weigh coins that came to the Byzantine imperial treasury.〔 The Byzantine Greek monk and abbot, Theodore the Studite, described the ''zygostasia'', or the imperial station where the ''zygostatai'' worked, as a profitable business.〔 As for Christopher of Mytilene, he praised a ''zygostates'' named Eustathios as the founder of a church and "one of the great chartoularioi".〔
The term ''zygastikon'' (Greek: ζυγαστικόν), attested in a false privilege granted to the city of Monemvasia in 1316, refers to one of the customary payments made to toll inspectors for measuring and weighing wares.〔 On a functional level, the ''zygastikon'' had nothing in common with the ''zygostates'' of the ''sakellion''.〔
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